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- Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, who sin iscovered. – Psalm 32: 1 Flannery O’Connor: “A Good Man is Hard to Find” "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" is regarded as one of O'Connor's best stories and has drawn much critical attention. Most discussions of "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" have focused on the story's extreme violence. O'Connor herself justified the use of terror to shock spiritually complacent modern readers: "To the hard of hearing you shout and for the almost blind you draw large and startling figures." While many critics accept this rationalization, others are less comfortable with the story's abrupt descent into brutality. For some commentators, the jarring shift from comedy to tragedy takes unfair advantage of a group of characters whose depiction verges on caricature. More recent interpretations of the tale range from structural and political analysis to an examination of its classical and medieval literary influences.

No outfit, no matter how carefully chosen, could provide an adequate line of defense against the drastic shift occurring within the grandmother's culture. The terms of the grandmother's value system are being rapidly undercut by a mercantile order in which blood is displaced by money. The worth transmitted by the sign of the dollar differs greatly from the value transmitted by the sign of the breed, and in the grandmother's eyes it is vastly inferior. Within this new mercantile world, women think nothing of wearing slacks in public, children feel free to openly malign their native states, and honest-looking young men can somehow bring themselves to defraud unsuspecting gas station proprietors. There seems to be no place in this system for the polite behavior of gentlemen and ladies; there seems tO be no place for the grandmother. – Mitchell Owens, 1996

A central principle of O'Connor's Catholic theology, expressed by St. Thomas Aquinas and other theologians, is that evil has no being, and that evil always appears as a good to the one who commits it, i.e., as something good for him. Granted this principle, one can see that the Misfit's murderous actions are committed under the delusion that somehow they will reap some good for him, and somehow answer to his need. But stealing the family's battered car, while important, is only the immediate goal of the Misfit; it is not the locus of his inner energy and desire. His conversation with the Grandmother reveals many things about his deeper desires, the most important of which is that the Misfit wants some rationale and justification for his spiritual predicament. he wants an understanding of what he sees as the disproportion between the personal suffering he feels afflicted with and the actions he has committed. As he tells the Grandmother: "I call myself The Misfit'. . . because I can't make what all I done wrong fit what all I gone through in punishment."1 The Misfit feels the mystery of evil in his bones, and he finds it incomprehensible. While there are surely elements of self-pity and self-justification in his statement, his mental suffering, his sense of guilt, and his questioning cannot be ignored or dismissed, because it reflects a spiritual condition that is both fundamentally human and conspicuously modern in temper. Though he commits evil deeds, the Misfit is also a seeker who wants some answers to the mystery of evil he feels both in himself and witnesses in the world. His keen sense of evil suggests implicitly that he also has an appreciation of the good, however distorted or misguided it may be. - John Desmond, 2004

IT is not difficult to label the agent of evil in Flannery O'Connor's signature story, "A Good Man is Hard to Find." An escaped convict, self-named the Misfit, dispassionately orders the murder of a Georgia family - everyone from grandmother to baby - after coming upon them when their car overturns along a dusty country road. The Misfit orders the murders because the Grandmother has, foolishly, recognized and named him, and also to steal the family's car. But as in all of O'Connor's stories, the violent surface action only begins to suggest the depths and complexities of meaning embedded in the story. This is especially true when considering the mystery of evil and its relation to the action of grace.

On one level the story's title refers to the words of a popular song - "A good man is hard to find / You always get the other kind." But on another level it also suggests Christ's rebuke to Peter when Peter tried to call him good, and Jesus responded that no one should be called good (Mark 10:18) - a mistake the Grandmother makes repeatedly in her encounter with the Misfit. At the same time, it is also true to say that, excepting Satan, no one should be called totally evil, certainly not in any absolute sense. Good and evil, as potentialities and as actualities, are inextricably inter-twined in human beings, and this is true for both the Grandmother and the Misfit. It is more accurate to speak of gradations of human good and evil, and of the drama of choice in the face of competing moral options. O'Connor's story explores a range of these options and their consequences, as well as suggesting the mysterious invisible forces beyond personality and circumstance that help to shape human destiny.

A central principle of O'Connor's Catholic theology, expressed by St. Thomas Aquinas and other theologians, is that evil has no being, and that evil always appears as a good to the one who commits it, i.e., as something good for him. Granted this principle, one can see that the Misfit's murderous actions are committed under the delusion that somehow they will reap some good for him, and somehow answer to his need. But stealing the family's battered car, while important, is only the immediate goal of the Misfit; it is not the locus of his inner energy and desire. His conversation with the Grandmother reveals many things about his deeper desires, the most important of which is that the Misfit wants some rationale and justification for his spiritual predicament. he wants an understanding of what he sees as the disproportion between the personal suffering he feels afflicted with and the actions he has committed. As he tells the Grandmother: "I call myself The Misfit'. . . because I can't make what all I done wrong fit what all I gone through in punishment."1 The Misfit feels the mystery of evil in his bones, and he finds it incomprehensible. While there are surely elements of self-pity and self-justification in his statement, his mental suffering, his sense of guilt, and his questioning cannot be ignored or dismissed, because it reflects a spiritual condition that is both fundamentally human and conspicuously modern in temper. Though he commits evil deeds, the Misfit is also a seeker who wants some answers to the mystery of evil he feels both in himself and witnesses in the world. His keen sense of evil suggests implicitly that he also has an appreciation of the good, however distorted or misguided it may be.

The Misfit openly acknowledges his own evil. When the Grandmother tries to type him as a "good" man, i.e. a gentleman, he answers: "Nome, I ain't a good man . . . ," and then adds: "but I ain't the worst in the world neither" (148). he admits that "somewhere along the line" he has "done something wrong" and been sent to prison. Subsequently, he has "forgotten" what he has done wrong, yet he feels the weight of some indefinable original sin. he also acknowledges that the punishment was "no mistake." The punishment is justified, he recognizes, but he still finds it incommensurate with his life. So now his rational solution is to sign for everything he does and get a copy of it. That way, he says, "you'll know what you done and hold up the crime to the punishment and see do they match and in the end you'll have something to prove you ain't been treated right" (151). But of course this does not explain the original sense of sin and injustice he feels. The strict logic of his proposal is impotent before the mystery of evil his life embodies.

The Misfit, then, wants not only to understand the mystery of evil he feels, but also, somehow, to be justified in the face of it. he wants justice as well as knowledge, and also to be liberated from his predicament. The desire itself is good; the Psalms exalt the human longing for a world of justice and constancy (Psalm 96). However, the Misfit seems more interested in personal vindication rather than communal justice. Yet better than anyone else in the story, the Misfit recognizes the ultimate stakes in the drama - personal salvation. His sense of the absolute significance of individual actions is profound. Yet supreme rationalist that he is, the Misfit cannot admit the need of a power beyond logic and human justice that is, one can believe, more than commensurate to the mystery and power of evil. For O'Connor, such a power is divine grace, made available through Christ's death and resurrection. The Misfit acknowledges this, yet refuses to submit his will to God's. "I don't want no hep," he tells the Grandmother. "I'm doing all right by myself (150).


 * __ Write __** a two page paper on the Misfit and how this story expresses a strong Catholic/Christian theology (2 Pages).